TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Scope of Use for This Data Extraction Form
• Overview of the Data Extraction Form
• Data extraction process
  • Field: Treatment
  • Subsections with examples
  • Vocabulary fields
  • Database-format extraction
  • Connections between PDF and values in data extraction forms
• Tabs description
  • Economic evaluations tab  

Scope of Use for This Data Extraction Form

This data extraction form is designed for use in reviews that aim to:

• Estimate the cost-effectiveness of a health technology

To extract input data used in the economic analysis, you should copy the relevant section into this template—for example, the utility data section from the Burden of Disease Review  or Health state utility values review template.  

Overview of the Data Extraction Form

There are two categories of tabs in the Data Extraction Form:

1. General Tab

• Tab name: Study Details

• This tab is used to extract data regardless of the study type or the types of data included.

2. Specific Data Tabs

These tabs are designed to extract specific types of data, tailored to particular aspects of the review (in this template economic data-output of economic modeling).

Data extraction process

Field: Treatment

Description: This section defines the study group to which the extracted results refer to. It should be completed before extracting the outcome/results data.

Instructions: Before extracting any results, determine for what group(s) the data are presented in the study. Use this field to label the groups appropriately. This label should help clarify who the results apply to.

Case example: In this cost-effectiveness study, there are two treatment arms. The names of these treatments should be extracted first, as they will be used in the section dedicated to extracting model outputs—such as costs, incremental QALYs, and ICER/ICUR values. 

Subsections with examples

In each tab you will find different Sections with data extraction fields with or without subsections. Such organised structure enables precise determination of dependencies between elements (extraction fields). 

Example 1

In Tab dedicated for Economic analysis you will find section Methods dedicated for extraction of data for methodological approach in Economic analysis like: model type, discount rates etc. Below this section you will find a subsections (Basic) to extract data that may appear more than once in study, for example there is more than one health state in the model, different types of sensitivity analysis etc.

Example 2

In the tab dedicated to Economic Analysis, you will find sections for Model Output: Per Treatment Arm and Incremental, which are designed to extract output data from the economic evaluation. Each of these sections includes subsections for individual treatment arms and comparisons. Study arms are automatically added once they are extracted in the first tab, Study Details. 

For the Incremental section, you should first select one of the combinations automatically generated by the tool based on the extracted study arms.

Vocabulary fields

Most of the data extraction fields are text fields, such as those used for extracting numerical values. However, some sections include vocabulary fields, where reviewers select data from a predefined list. During extraction, each reviewer has permission to create new codes if needed.

Database-format extraction

Please note that Laser AI supports a database-driven approach to data extraction. This means, for example, that different outcomes are extracted in separate sections. You won’t find dedicated sections for LYGs or QALYs—instead, there is a single section called Model Output. Within this section, you should select the specific output you are extracting (e.g., LYGs in the first subsection, QALYs in the second), using the controlled vocabulary.

Read more about this database approach 

Connections between PDF and values in data extraction forms

The best way to extract data in Laser AI is by using the highlighting mechanism. This method makes the quality assurance process easier, as clicking on a field with an extracted value redirects you to the corresponding section in the PDF where the value was extracted. To use this mechanism, you need to:

1.  Locate the specific data in the document and highlight it.
2.  Click the 'Plus' button (when empty data extraction fields exist)  to add the highlighted data to the corresponding data extraction field. In this way the relation between data in PDF and value in data extraction form will be established. When there are no empty fields in data extraction form, click the 'Plus' button located below the data extraction fields. The tool will create additional field and the extracted value will be automatically added to the data extraction form. Please note that this option is available only for sections with a single data extraction field 

Tabs description

Economic evaluations tab  

This tab is dedicated to extracting data from economic evaluations, such as cost-effectiveness analyses.

It includes five sections:

• Two sections for Methods (highlighted in purple)

• Three sections for Results (highlighted in blue):

• Model Output per Treatment Arm e.g QALY, LYG, cost etc

• Model Output: Incremental Analysis: ICER, incremental QALY etc

• Threshold Analysis

In the output section, you should: 

• first decide which scenario, i.e. base case or sensitivity, you want to extract data for
  
• and type of output (this is a vocabulary field): select from the list or create new one